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Morphological characteristics and intracellular Mn/Fe ratio were examined by SEM and ICP-OES respectively, to understand the possible reasons for sensitivity/ resistance to irradiation. Bacterial counts immediately after, and 24 h post irradiation (regrowth) were analysed using media plating. UV exposure was applied in two sets - short exposure (0–60 s) and long exposure (0–60 min). along with a standard E.coli strain using a collimated beam apparatus. Here, the UV disinfection efficacy was assessed for controlling two previously reported chlorine tolerant bacteria, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Klebsiella sp. albicans and Citrus limon spoilage fungi.Ĭhlorine tolerance is a major concern during disinfection of treated wastewater. The present study also reveals the long-term fungicidal efficacy of PAW on C. albicans damaged the membrane of cells due to which leakage of extracellular materials occurred that led to cells death. Morphology analysis by HR-SEM, leaked nucleic acids and protein measurement by UV–visible spectroscopy, and PI binding red fluorescence of cells showed PAW treatment with C. Results showed high oxidizing PAW can achieve 6 + log10 CFU ml−1 reduction in fungi even with low treatment time. albicans and Citrus limon spoilage fungi) is investigated in the present work. The role of oxidizing potential of PAW and PAW treatment time with fungi (C. Furthermore, the fungicidal efficacy of PAW is investigated on C. The present study shows the changes in physicochemical properties and reactive oxygen–nitrogen species formed in PAW. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to determine various active radicals and species present in the air and N2 plasma. Air and N2 are used as plasma forming gases for PAW preparation. albicans) and lemon (Citrus limon) spoilage fungi using plasma activated water (PAW). In the present work, we have studied the inactivation of Candida albicans (C.
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